Okuqukethwe okulandelayo kuhunyushwa kusuka emthonjeni wesi-Chinese ngokuhumusha komshini ngaphandle kokuhlela.
Ukuhumushela isiJapane kusiShayina kungenye yezinselele ezivamile emsebenzini wokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhluka kwesakhiwo solimi, isizinda samasiko, nohlelo lolimi, okwenza inqubo yokuhumusha igcwale inkimbinkimbi. Ekuhunyushweni kwesiJapane, kunobunzima obuningi abahumushi besiShayina abavame ukuhlangana nabo phakathi nenqubo yokuhumusha, ikakhulukazi ngokwehlukana kohlelo lolimi, ukukhethwa kwamagama, izihlonipho, kanye nenkulumo yomlomo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola lobu bunzima bokuhumusha ngokuningiliziwe futhi sinikeze izixazululo ezihambisanayo.
1. Umehluko Kuhlelo Lolimi lwesiJapane
Umehluko wohlelo lolimi phakathi kwesiJapane nesiShayina ungomunye wezinkinga ezivamile ekuhumusheni. Isakhiwo somusho ngesiJapane ngokuvamile silandelana ngokuthi “inhloko+into+isilandiso”, kuyilapho ngesiShayina sivumelana nezimo, ikakhulukazi olimini olukhulunywayo, lapho isimo sesenzo sesilandiso singashintsha ngokuya komongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isi-Japanese sisebenzisa izinhlayiya ukukhombisa ubudlelwano bohlelo lolimi, kuyilapho isiShayina sisebenzisa ukuhleleka kwamagama namagama okusebenza (njengokuthi “de”, “lai”, njll.) ukukhombisa ubudlelwano bohlelo. Isixazululo: Lapho uhumusha, isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuhlukanisa imisho yesiJapane, uqonde imisebenzi yohlelo lwengxenye ngayinye, bese wenza ukulungisa okunengqondo ngokwemithetho yohlelo lolimi lwesiShayina. Isibonelo, ngesi-Japanese, “が” noma “は” ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengomaka besihloko, futhi lapho uhumusha, isihloko singathathwa sisuka kumongo futhi isakhiwo somusho singalungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisho evamile ehlanekezelwe noma imisho enezihloko ezishiyiwe ngesi-Japanese idinga ukwengezwa noma ukubhalwa kabusha ngokwemikhuba yesiShayina.
2. Ubunzima ekukhetheni isilulumagama
Olunye ulwazimagama lwesiJapane alunawo amagama ahambisanayo aqondile esiShayina, okwenza ukukhetha kwamagama kube nzima kakhulu ekuhumusheni. Isibonelo, igama lesi-Japanese elithi “おরれ様” alinalo igama elilingana ngokuphelele ngesi-Chinese. Nakuba lingahunyushwa ngokuthi' ukusebenza kanzima 'noma' usebenze kanzima ', umongo nenkulumo yakho kokubili akuhambisani ngokuphelele. Isixazululo: Lapho uhlangabezana namagama angahambisani ngokuqondile, abahumushi kudingeka benze izinguquko ezifanele ngokusekelwe kumongo. Isibonelo, izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi' exhausted ', izindlela ezihlukene zokuhumusha zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe esimweni esisemthethweni somongo. Ukwengeza, ulwazimagama oluthile olunezici zamasiko, kungakhethwa ukuhumusha okuchazayo, noma imisho eyengeziwe enezincazelo ingasetshenziswa ukuze abafundi bolimi okuqondiwe kulo baqonde.
3. Ukuhunyushwa kolimi oluhloniphekile noluthobekile
Inhlonipho nesizotha yizici ezibalulekile zolimi ngesiJapane, kuyilapho zingekho izinkulumo ezifanayo ngesiShayina. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuhumusha izinkulumo ezihloniphekile nezithobekile ngesiJapane usiyise kwisiShayina kuwubunzima obukhulu ekuhumusheni. Ngesi-Japanese, amagama okuhlonipha awabonakali kuphela ekushintsheni kwezenzo, kodwa futhi kusilulumagama esithile nezakhiwo zemisho ezifana ne-“ございます” kanye ne-“おっしいる”, ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isixazululo: Lapho uhumusha amagama okuhlonipha ngesi-Japanese, abahumushi kudingeka bacabangele imikhuba yokusho nesizinda samasiko sesiShayina. Ezikhathini ezisemthethweni, umuntu angakhetha ukusebenzisa izinkulumo ezihloniphekile ezinjengokuthi “wena”, “gui”, njll; Ezindaweni ezinezwi elikhulumayo, izinkulumo zokuhlonipha zingashiywa ngokufanelekile. Ngokwengeziwe, ezinye izihlonipho ngesi-Japanese zingadluliswa ngoshintsho lwethoni, njengokuthi “おっし동る” okungahunyushwa ngokuthi “yisho” futhi kudlulise inhlonipho ngomongo.
4. Isenzo sokweqiwa ngesiJapane
NgesiJapane, ezinye izingxenye zemisho ngokuvamile azifakwa, ikakhulukazi olimini olukhulunywayo. Isibonelo, ngesi-Japanese, isihloko sokuthi “きまか?” ivamise ukushiywa, futhi “きまか?” ingahunyushwa ngokuthi “hamba?”, kodwa ingxenye eshiyiwe ngokuvamile idinga ukucaciswa ngesiShayina. Le nto eyeqiwe idinga ukuthi abahumushi bacabangele izingxenye ezishiyiwe ngokusekelwe kumongo. Isixazululo: Lapho uhumusha, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izingxenye ezishiyiwe ngokusekelwe kumongo nomongo. Isibonelo, ngesi-Japanese, isihloko sokuthi “きまか?” ayifakwa olimini olukhulunywayo, kodwa lapho ihunyushelwa olimini lwesiShayina, izihloko ezinjengokuthi “wena” noma “thina” kufanele zengezwe ngokuvumelana nesimo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bomusho nokucaca kwenkulumo.
5, Umthelela Womehluko Wamasiko Ekuhumusheni
Izizinda zamasiko zesiJapane nesiShayina zihlukile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi izinkulumo noma imikhuba ethile ilingane ngokuqondile ekuhumusheni. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emasikweni, amasiko, nemikhuba emihle emphakathini, ukuhumusha kungase kudinge ukulungiswa kwamasiko. Isibonelo, ngesi-Japanese, elithi “いただきます” kanye nethi “ごちそうさました” azinazo izinkulumo ezilingana ngokuphelele ngesi-Chinese, ngakho-ke umehluko wamasiko udinga ukunakwa uma uhumusha. Isixazululo: Kulesi simo, abahumushi kudingeka babe nezinga elithile lokuqwashisa ngamasiko ahlukahlukene. Kumagama aqondene namasiko, ukuhumusha okuguqulelwe ngokwesiko kungasetshenziswa, noma ukuhumusha okungeziwe okuchazayo kunganikezwa ukusiza abafundi bolimi okuqondiwe kulo baqonde. Isibonelo, i-“いただ〚す” ingahunyushwa ngokuthi “Sengiqalile ukudla”, kuyilapho i-“っちそうした” ingahunyushwa ngokuthi “Siyabonga ngokwamukela kwakho izihambi” ngezichasiselo noma izincazelo ezifanele.
6. Izinhlayiya zemizwa nezandiso ngesiJapane
Kunamagama amaningi emizwa nezandiso ngesi-Japanese ezisetshenziselwa ukuveza imizwa yesikhulumi, izimo zengqondo, noma iphimbo. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-modal nezandiso ngokuvamile azinazo izinkulumo ezifanayo eziqondile ngesiShayina. Isibonelo, ngesi-Japanese, izinhlayiya ezifana ne-“ね”, “よ”, nethi “かな” azinazo izinhlayiya ezifanayo ncamashi ngesi-Chinese. Isixazululo: Lapho uhumusha, ungasebenzisa amagama ephimbo ahambisanayo ngesiShayina ngokuya ngezidingo zomongo. Isibonelo, okuthi “ね” kungahunyushwa ngokuthi “ba” noma “kwesokudla”, futhi “よ” kungahunyushwa ngokuthi “oh” noma “ah”. Ukukhetha amagama ephimbo afanele ngokusekelwe kumongo kungalondoloza iphimbo lombhalo wokuqala kuyilapho kwenza ukuhumusha kube ngokwemvelo.
7. Ukuphatha Imisho Emide Neyinhlanganisela
Izakhiwo zemisho emide nezihlanganisiwe ezivamile ngesi-Japanese ngezinye izikhathi zibeka inselele kubahumushi ekuhlukaniseni imisho. NgesiJapane, imisho eyingxube ixhuma izingxenye zemisho ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa izinhlayiya nezihlanganiso, kuyilapho ngesiShayina, imisho emide ivame ukudinga ukulungisa izakhiwo zemisho ukuze ziveze ngokucacile. Isixazululo: Emishweni eyinkimbinkimbi yesi-Japanese emide noma ehlanganisiwe, abahumushi bangayihlukanisa ngokwencazelo yayo futhi bayenze ibe lula ibe imisho embalwa emifushane ukuze ihambisane nemikhuba yokusho yesiShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye zomusho ngamunye ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokucabanga okungacacile noma inkulumo engalungile ekuhumusheni.
8, Isifinyezo
Ukuhumushela isi-Japanese kusiShayina kuyinselele ehlanganisa ubunzima obuhlukahlukene njengokwehluka kohlelo lolimi, ukukhethwa kwamagama, amagama okuhlonishwa, kanye nokusho ngomlomo. Ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwalezi zinkinga zokuhumusha, kungatholakala ukuthi kunezixazululo ngemuva kobunzima obunye. Abahumushi badinga ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile solimi, ukusetshenziswa okuvumelana nezimo kwamakhono olimi, nokuzwela okuphambene namasiko ukuze baqedele kangcono umsebenzi wokuhumusha kusuka kusi-Japanese kuya kusi-Chinese. Enqubweni yokuhumusha isi-Japanese, ukuxazulula lobu bunzima akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokushelela kokuhumusha, kodwa futhi kukhuthaze ukuqondana nokuxhumana phakathi kwezilimi ezimbili namasiko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-24-2025