Okuqukethwe okulandelayo kuhunyushwe kusuka emthonjeni wesiShayina ngokuhumusha komshini ngaphandle kokuhlela ngemuva.
I-Association of American Language Companies (ALC) yinhlangano yezimboni ese-United States. Amalungu enhlangano ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, ukuhumusha, ukwenza indawo, kanye nokuhweba ngezilimi. I-ALC ngokuyisisekelo ibamba imihlangano yaminyaka yonke minyaka yonke ukuze ikhulumele amalungelo emboni, iqhube izingxoxo ezihleliwe ngezihloko ezifana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi, imakethe, kanye nobuchwepheshe, futhi ihlele abameleli abavela ezinkampanini zokuhumusha zaseMelika ukuze banxenxe iCongress. Ngaphezu kokumema abakhulumeli bemboni, umhlangano waminyaka yonke uzophinde uhlele abeluleki bokuphatha izinkampani abaziwayo noma ochwepheshe bokuqeqesha ubuholi kanye nabanye abakhulumeli abangebona imboni, futhi ikhiphe umbiko waminyaka yonke wemboni ye-ALC.
Kulesi sihloko, sethula okuqukethwe yi-2023ALC Industry Report (ekhishwe ngoSepthemba 2023, lapho izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinkampani ezihloliwe zingamalungu e-ALC futhi ezingaphezu kuka-70% zinendlunkulu e-United States), kuhlanganiswe nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwe-TalkingChina Translate embonini, ukuze senze ukuqhathanisa okulula kwesimo sebhizinisi semboni yokuhumusha eShayina nase-United States. Sithemba futhi ukusebenzisa amatshe amanye amazwe ukuze siqophe i-jade yethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko we-ALC unikeza izibalo zedatha ezibalulekile embonini ezivela ezicini ezingu-14 ukuze sibhekisele kuzo futhi siziqhathanise ngasinye ngasinye:
1. Imodeli yebhizinisi
Ukufana phakathi kweShayina ne-United States:
1) Okuqukethwe kwesevisi: Ama-60% ezinsizakalo eziyinhloko zontanga baseMelika agxile ekuhumusheni, ama-30% ekuhumusheni, kanti ama-10% asele asakazeke phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yesevisi yokuhumusha; Izinkampani ezingaphezu kwengxenye zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokwenziwa kwabezindaba, okuhlanganisa ukuqoshwa, ukuqoshwa, imibhalo engezansi, kanye nokuqoshwa.
2) Umthengi: Nakuba ontanga baseMelika abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu bakhonza izinkampani zomthetho, yi-15% kuphela yezinkampani ezisebenzisa zona njengomthombo wazo oyinhloko wemali engenayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izindleko zesevisi yolimi zezinkampani zomthetho zisakazeke kakhulu, okuhambisana nesimo sesikhashana sezidingo zokuhumusha zomthetho kanye nokuvuthwa okuphansi kunesilinganiso sokuthengwa kokuhumusha embonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ontanga bethu baseMelika abangaphezu kwengxenye bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolimi ezikhungweni zokudala, zokumaketha, nezedijithali. Lezi zikhungo zisebenza njengabaxhumanisi phakathi kwezinkampani zesevisi yolimi kanye nabathengi bokugcina abavela ezimbonini ezahlukene. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indima kanye nemingcele yezinsizakalo zolimi iye yafiphala: ezinye izikhungo zokudala zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolimi, kanti ezinye zanda emkhakheni wokudala okuqukethwe. Okwamanje, ama-95% ontanga baseMelika ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolimi kwezinye izinkampani zontanga, futhi ukuthengwa ngaphakathi kwale mboni kuqhutshwa ubudlelwano bokubambisana.
Izici ezingenhla zifana nesimo saseShayina. Isibonelo, emisebenzini yebhizinisi yamuva nje, i-TalkingChina Translation ihlangane necala lapho iklayenti elikhulu ebelikhonze iminyaka eminingi, ngenxa yokucabangela ukuhambisana kokukhiqizwa kokuqukethwe kanye nezindleko, laphinde lanikeza futhi lahlanganisa ukuthengwa kwawo wonke amabhizinisi ahlobene nokuqukethwe, ukuklama, izithombe, ukuhumusha, kanye namanye amabhizinisi ahlobene nokuqukethwe. Abahlanganyeli bokuthengwa babeyizinkampani zokukhangisa ikakhulukazi, kanti ophumelele waba yinkontileka ejwayelekile yokudala okuqukethwe. Umsebenzi wokuhumusha nawo wenziwa yinkontileka ejwayelekile, Noma uqedele noma ubambe inkontileka encane yedwa. Ngale ndlela, njengomhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha yokuqala, i-TalkingChina ingalwela ukuqhubeka nokubambisana nalo mnkontileka jikelele ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuwela umugqa ngokuphelele futhi ube ngumnkontileka jikelele wokudala okuqukethwe.
Ngokuphathelene nokubambisana kontanga, isilinganiso esithile eShayina asikaziwa, kodwa kuqinisekile ukuthi sesiyinto evamile eminyakeni yamuva nje, ehlose ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende, ukuqinisa amakhono emikhakheni eqondile nakwezinye izilimi, ukusungula izintambo zokuhlinzeka eziguquguqukayo, noma ukwandisa noma ukugaya amandla okukhiqiza, ngezinzuzo ezihambisanayo. Inhlangano yokuzijabulisa yangasese nayo yenza izinhlelo nemizamo ethile ezuzisayo kulokhu.
Umehluko phakathi kweShayina ne-United States:
1) Ukwanda kwamazwe ngamazwe: Iningi labalingani bethu base-US lithola imali engenayo eyinhloko kumakhasimende asekhaya, kodwa inkampani eyodwa kwezintathu inamahhovisi emazweni amabili noma ngaphezulu, yize kungekho ubudlelwano obuhle obuhambisanayo phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nenani lamagatsha aphesheya. Kubonakala sengathi isilinganiso sokwanda kwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabalingani baseMelika siphezulu kakhulu kunesethu, okuhlobene nezinzuzo zabo endaweni, ulimi, kanye nokufana kwamasiko. Bangena ezimakethe ezintsha ngokwanda kwamazwe ngamazwe, bathole izinsiza zobuchwepheshe, noma bamise izikhungo zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu, izinga lokukhula kwamazwe ngamazwe kontanga abahumushi besiShayina liphansi kakhulu, njengoba izinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela eziphumelele emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ezimweni ezimbalwa eziphumelele, kungabonakala ukuthi empeleni abaphathi bebhizinisi ngokwabo okudingeka baphume kuqala. Kungcono ukugxila ezimakethe eziqondiwe kwamanye amazwe, ube namaqembu okusebenza endawo endaweni, futhi uhlanganise ngokugcwele isiko lenkampani, ikakhulukazi ukuthengisa nokumaketha, emakethe yendawo ukuze wenze umsebenzi omuhle wokwenza indawo ibe yindawo. Yiqiniso, izinkampani azihambi kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuya emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa kunalokho kudingeka ziqale zicabange ukuthi kungani zifuna ukuya emhlabeni jikelele nokuthi iyini inhloso yazo? Kungani singaya olwandle? Iyini ikhono eliphelele? Bese kuba nombuzo wokuthi singaya kanjani olwandle.
Ngokufanayo, izinkampani zokuhumusha zasekhaya nazo zinobunono kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni emihlanganweni yamazwe ngamazwe yontanga. Ukuhlanganyela kwe-TalkingChina emihlanganweni yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-GALA/ALC/LocWorld/ELIA sekuvele kuvame kakhulu, futhi akavamile ukubona ukuba khona kontanga basekhaya. Indlela yokuthuthukisa izwi eliphelele kanye nethonya lemboni yezinsizakalo zolimi yaseShayina emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe, nokuhlangana ukuze kufudumale, bekulokhu kuyinkinga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, sivame ukubona izinkampani zokuhumusha zase-Argentina zivela kude emihlanganweni yamazwe ngamazwe. Azihlanganyeli nje kuphela engqungqutheleni kodwa futhi zibonakala njengesithombe esihlangene somhlinzeki wolimi lwesiSpanishi waseNingizimu Melika. Zidlala imidlalo ethile yobudlelwano bomphakathi engqungqutheleni, zivuselele umoya, futhi zidale uphawu oluhlangene, okufanele lufundwe kulo.
2) Umthengi: Amaqembu amakhasimende amathathu aphezulu ngokwemali engenayo e-United States yizokunakekelwa kwempilo, uhulumeni/umkhakha womphakathi, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo, kanti eShayina, yizobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana, ezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele, kanye nemfundo nokuqeqeshwa (ngokusho koMbiko Wokuthuthukiswa Ka-2023 Wemboni Yezinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Nolimi LwesiShayina okhishwe yi-China Translators Association).
Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezempilo (kufaka phakathi izibhedlela, izinkampani zomshuwalense, kanye nemitholampilo) bangumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo yabalingani babo baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-50%, okunesici esicacile saseMelika. Emhlabeni wonke, i-United States inezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu zezempilo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kohlelo oluxubile lwezimali ezizimele kanye nezomphakathi e-United States, izindleko zezinsizakalo zezilimi kwezempilo zivela kokubili ezibhedlela ezizimele, ezinkampanini zomshuwalense wezempilo, kanye nemitholampilo, kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni. Izinkampani zezinsizakalo zezilimi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezempilo ukuthi baklame futhi basebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenzisa ulimi. Ngokwemithethonqubo yezomthetho, izinhlelo zokusebenzisa ulimi ziyimpoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli ezinolwazi olulinganiselwe lwesiNgisi (i-LEP) zinokufinyelela okulinganayo ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Izinzuzo zesidingo semakethe yemvelo esingenhla azinakuqhathaniswa noma ziqhathaniswe ngaphakathi ezweni. Kodwa imakethe yaseShayina nayo inezici zayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni uhole i-Belt and Road Initiative kanye negagasi lamabhizinisi endawo aseShayina aya kwamanye amazwe lidale izidingo eziningi zokuhumusha kusukela kusiShayina noma esiNgisini kuya ezilimini ezincane. Vele, uma ufuna ukuhlanganyela kukho futhi ube ngumdlali ofanelekayo, futhi kubeka izidingo eziphakeme kumabhizinisi ethu enkonzo yokuhumusha ngezinsizakusebenza kanye namakhono okuphatha amaphrojekthi.
3) Okuqukethwe kwesevisi: Cishe ingxenye yabalingani bethu baseMelika bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolimi lwezandla; ama-20% ezinkampani ahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kolimi (okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kobungcweti bolimi); ama-15% ezinkampani ahlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kolimi (ikakhulukazi ku-inthanethi).
Akukho datha ehambisanayo etholakala ezweni lokuqukethwe okungenhla, kodwa ngokombono wemizwa, isilinganiso e-United States kufanele sibe phezulu kunase-China. Umuntu ophumelele ekubhideni amaphrojekthi okubhida ulimi lwezandla lwasekhaya ngokuvamile yisikole esikhethekile noma inkampani yezobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, futhi akuvamile ukuba yinkampani yokuhumusha. Kukhona nezinkampani ezimbalwa zokuhumusha ezibeka phambili ukuhlolwa kolimi nokuqeqeshwa njengezindawo zazo eziyinhloko zebhizinisi.
2. Isu lenkampani
Iningi lontanga baseMelika libeka phambili "ukwandisa imali engenayo" njengento eza kuqala ngo-2023, kuyilapho ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinkampani zikhetha ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Ngokuphathelene nesu lenkonzo, izinkampani ezingaphezu kwengxenye zandise izinsizakalo zazo eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kodwa zimbalwa izinkampani ezihlela ukwandisa izinsizakalo zazo eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Izinsizakalo ezikhule kakhulu ukufunda nge-e, izinsizakalo zemibhalo engezansi esizeni, ukuhlela okuthunyelwe kokuhumusha komshini (PEMT), ukuhumusha okukude ngesikhathi esisodwa (RSI), ukukopisha, kanye nokuhumusha okukude kwevidiyo (VRI). Ukwandiswa kwensizakalo kuqhutshwa kakhulu yisidingo samakhasimende. Kulokhu, kufana nesimo saseShayina. Izinkampani eziningi zensizakalo yolimi lwesiShayina ziphendule ekwandeni kwesidingo semakethe eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi ukukhula kanye nokunciphisa izindleko nakho kuyizihloko zaphakade.
Okwamanje, eminyakeni emibili edlule, ontanga abaningi basekhaya bebexoxa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwandisa ububanzi bezinsizakalo noma ukwandisa ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, izinkampani zokuhumusha ezigxile ekuhumusheni i-patent zandisa ukugxila kwazo kwezinye izindawo zezinsizakalo ze-patent; Ukwenza ukuhumusha kwezimoto nokuqoqa ubuhlakani embonini yezimoto; Ukuhumusha amadokhumenti okumaketha ukusiza amakhasimende ukushicilela nokugcina imithombo yokumaketha yaphesheya; Ngiphinde nginikeze izinsizakalo zokubhala phansi izinga lokuphrinta kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ezilandelayo zokuhumusha amadokhumenti okumele anyatheliswe; Labo abasebenza njengabahumushi bemihlangano banesibopho sokwenza izindaba zengqungquthela noma ukwakhiwa kwesayithi; Ngenkathi benza ukuhumusha iwebhusayithi, benza i-SEO kanye ne-SEM, njalo njalo. Vele, yonke inguquko idinga ukuhlola futhi akulula, futhi kuzoba nezingibe ezithile enkambisweni yokuzama. Kodwa-ke, uma nje kuyilungiselelo elihlelekile elenziwe ngemuva kokuthatha izinqumo ezinengqondo, kubalulekile kakhulu ukwenza ukubekezela enkambisweni enzima. Eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu edlule, i-TalkingChina Translation iye yabeka kancane kancane amasimu aqondile kanye nemikhiqizo yokwandisa ulimi (njengemithi, amalungelo obunikazi, imidlalo eku-inthanethi kanye nokunye ukuzijabulisa kwe-pan, isiNgisi kanye nokwamazwe ngamazwe, njll.). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde yenza izandiso eziqondile ngobuchwepheshe bayo emikhiqizweni yokuhumusha yokuxhumana emakethe. Ngenkathi yenza kahle emikhiqizweni yesevisi yokuhumusha, iphinde yangena ekubhalweni kwekhophi enenani eliphakeme (njengamaphuzu okuthengisa, izihloko zomhlahlandlela, ikhophi yomkhiqizo, imininingwane yomkhiqizo, ikhophi yomlomo, njll.), ithola imiphumela emihle.
Ngokuphathelene nokuncintisana, iningi lontanga baseMelika libheka izinkampani ezinkulu, zomhlaba wonke, nezilimi eziningi njengezimbangi zabo eziyinhloko, njengeLanguageLine, Lionbridge, RWS, TransPerfect, njll.; EShayina, ngenxa yomehluko phakathi kwesisekelo samakhasimende phakathi kwezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zokuhumusha zasendaweni, kunokuncintisana okuqondile okuncane kakhulu. Ukuncintisana okuningi kontanga kuvela ekuncintisaneni ngentengo phakathi kwezinkampani zokuhumusha, lapho izinkampani ezibiza kancane kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu ziyizimbangi eziyinhloko, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi okubhida.
Bekulokhu kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kweShayina ne-United States maqondana nokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa. Imisebenzi yokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa kontanga baseMelika ihlala izinzile, abathengi befuna amathuba njalo futhi abathengisi abangaba khona bafuna noma balinde ngenkuthalo amathuba okuthengisa noma okugcina ukuxhumana nabathengisi bokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa. EShayina, ngenxa yezinkinga zomthetho zezimali, ukulinganisa kunzima ukubala ngokunengqondo; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi umphathi ungumthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke, kungaba nezingozi zokudlulisela izinsiza zamakhasimende ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa uma inkampani ishintsha izandla. Ukuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa akuyona into evamile.
3. Okuqukethwe kwesevisi
Ukuhumusha ngomshini (MT) kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi ontanga e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MT enkampanini kuvame ukukhetha futhi kuyindlela yokuqondisa, futhi izici ezahlukahlukene zingathinta izingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zontanga baseMelika banikeza ukuhlela ngemuva kokuhumusha ngomshini (PEMT) njengesevisi kumakhasimende abo, kodwa i-TEP isalokhu iyisevisi yokuhumusha esetshenziswa kakhulu. Lapho kwenziwa izinqumo phakathi kwezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza zesandla esimsulwa, umshini omsulwa, kanye nokuhumusha nokuhlela ngomshini, isidingo samakhasimende yisona sici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukwenziwa kwezinqumo, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kudlula ezinye izici ezimbili eziyinhloko (uhlobo lokuqukethwe kanye nokubhanqa ulimi).
Ngokuphathelene nokuhumusha, imakethe yase-US iye yashintsha kakhulu. Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuhumusha baseMelika bahlinzeka ngokuhumusha okukude ngevidiyo (VRI) kanye nokuhumusha ngocingo (OPI), kanti cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinkampani zihlinzeka ngokuhumusha okukude ngesikhathi esisodwa (RSI). Izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ukuhumusha kwezempilo, ukuhumusha kwebhizinisi, kanye nokuhumusha okusemthethweni. I-RSI ibonakala isalokhu iyimakethe ekhula kakhulu e-United States. Nakuba amapulatifomu e-RSI ikakhulukazi ayizinkampani zobuchwepheshe, amapulatifomu amaningi manje ahlinzeka kalula ukuthola izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngokusebenzisa ukuqoqwa kwabantu kanye/noma ukubambisana nezinkampani zezinsizakalo zolimi. Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwamapulatifomu e-RSI namathuluzi emihlangano aku-inthanethi njenge-Zoom namanye amapulatifomu amaklayenti nakho kubeka lezi zinkampani endaweni enhle yokuphatha izidingo zokuhumusha zenkampani. Vele, ipulatifomu ye-RSI ibonwa ontanga abaningi baseMelika njengomncintiswano oqondile. Nakuba i-RSI inezinzuzo eziningi mayelana nokuguquguquka kanye nezindleko, futhi iletha izinselele zokuqalisa, kufaka phakathi ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi yomsindo, izinselele zokuphepha kwedatha, njalo njalo.
Okuqukethwe okungenhla kunokufana nokwehluka eShayina, njenge-RSI. I-TalkingChina Translation yasungula ukubambisana okunesu nenkampani yesikhulumi ngaphambi kobhubhane. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, le nkundla yayinebhizinisi eliningi ngokwayo, kodwa ngemva kobhubhane, imihlangano eminingi yaqala kabusha isebenzisa amafomu angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, ngokombono we-TalkingChina Translation njengomhlinzeki wokuhumusha, inomuzwa wokuthi isidingo sokuhumusha endaweni sikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi i-RSI yehlile ngezinga elithile, Kodwa i-RSI ngempela iyisengezo esidingekayo kakhulu kanye nekhono elidingekayo kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zasekhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-OPI ekuhumusheni ngocingo sekuvele kuphansi kakhulu emakethe yaseShayina kunase-United States, njengoba izimo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa e-United States zingezokwelashwa nezomthetho, okuyinto engekho eShayina.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhumusha komshini, ukuhlela kokuthunyelwa komshini (i-PEMT) kuwumkhiqizo wembambo yenkukhu kokuqukethwe kwensizakalo yezinkampani zokuhumusha zasekhaya. Amakhasimende awavamile ukuwukhetha, futhi abakufunayo kakhulu ukuthola ikhwalithi efanayo kanye nesivinini esisheshayo sokuhumusha komuntu ngentengo eseduze nokuhumusha komshini. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kokuhumusha komshini akubonakali nakakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza yezinkampani zokuhumusha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenzisiwe noma cha, Sidinga ukunikeza amakhasimende ikhwalithi efanelekile namanani aphansi (okusheshayo, okuhle, futhi okushibhile). Vele, kukhona namakhasimende ahlinzeka ngqo ngemiphumela yokuhumusha komshini futhi acele izinkampani zokuhumusha ukuthi zihlole ngalokhu. Umbono we-TalkingChina Translation uwukuthi ikhwalithi yokuhumusha komshini enikezwa yikhasimende ikude kakhulu nokulindelekile kwekhasimende, futhi ukuhlola komshini ngesandla kudinga ukungenelela okujulile, ngokuvamile okungaphezu kobubanzi be-PEMT. Kodwa-ke, intengo enikezwa yikhasimende iphansi kakhulu kuneyokuhumusha ngesandla.
4. Ukukhula kanye nenzuzo
Naphezu kokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho kanye nokungaqiniseki kwezepolitiki emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhula kontanga base-US ngo-2022 kwahlala kuqinile, lapho izinkampani ezingama-60% zithola ukukhula kwemali engenayo kanti ezingama-25% zithola amazinga okukhula angaphezu kwama-25%. Lokhu kuqina kuhlobene nezici eziningana ezibalulekile: imali engenayo yezinkampani zezinsizakalo zolimi ivela emikhakheni ehlukene, okwenza umthelela jikelele wokuguquguquka kwesidingo enkampanini ube mncane kakhulu; Ubuchwepheshe obufana nezwi nombhalo, ukuhumusha komshini, kanye namapulatifomu okuhumusha akude kwenza kube lula ngamabhizinisi ukusebenzisa izixazululo zolimi ezindaweni eziningi, futhi amacala okusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zolimi ayaqhubeka nokukhula; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezempilo kanye neminyango kahulumeni e-United States iyaqhubeka nokwandisa izindleko ezihlobene; Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu abanekhono elincane lesiNgisi (i-LEP) e-United States likhula njalo, futhi ukuphoqelelwa komthetho wezithiyo zolimi nakho kuyanda.
Ngo-2022, ontanga baseMelika ngokuvamile banenzuzo, ngesilinganiso senzuzo iyonke esiphakathi kuka-29% no-43%, kanti ukuqeqeshwa kolimi kunesilinganiso senzuzo esiphezulu (43%). Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, isilinganiso senzuzo yezinsizakalo zokuhumusha nokuhumusha sehle kancane. Nakuba izinkampani eziningi zikhuphule amanani azo kumakhasimende, ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza (ikakhulukazi izindleko zabasebenzi) kusalokhu kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta inzuzo yalezi zinsizakalo ezimbili.
EShayina, jikelele, imali engenayo yezinkampani zokuhumusha nayo iyanda ngo-2022. Ngokombono wenzuzo enkulu, kungashiwo ukuthi iyafana neyaseMelika. Kodwa-ke, umehluko uwukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, isilinganiso sehle. Ngakho-ke, isici esiyinhloko esithinta inzuzo akuyona ukwanda kwezindleko zabasebenzi, kodwa ukwehla kwentengo okubangelwa ukuncintisana kwentengo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni lapho izindleko zabasebenzi zingenakuncishiswa ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngenkuthalo njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kuseyisinqumo esingenakugwenywa.
5. Intengo
Emakethe yase-US, izinga lamagama lokuhumusha, ukuhlela, kanye nokuhlola (TEP) likhuphuke ngo-2% laya ku-9%. Umbiko we-ALC uhlanganisa amanani okuhumusha isiNgisi ezilimi eziyi-11: isi-Arabhu, isiPutukezi, isiShayina Esenziwe Lula, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiJapane, isiKorea, isiRashiya, isiSpanishi, isiTagalog, kanye nesiVietnam. Intengo emaphakathi ekuhumusheni kwesiNgisi ingu-0.23 amadola aseMelika ngegama ngalinye, kanti ububanzi bentengo buphakathi kwenani eliphansi kakhulu elingu-0.10 kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu elingu-0.31; Intengo emaphakathi ekuhumusheni kwesiNgisi okulula kwesiShayina ingu-0.24, kanti ububanzi bentengo buphakathi kuka-0.20 no-0.31.
Ontanga baseMelika ngokuvamile bathi “amakhasimende anethemba lokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namathuluzi e-MT kunganciphisa izindleko, kodwa abakwazi ukulahla izinga lekhwalithi lokusebenza ngesandla okungu-100%. Amanani e-PEMT ngokuvamile aphansi ngo-20% kuya ku-35% kunezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngesandla ezihlanzekile. Nakuba imodeli yamanani egama negama isabusa embonini yolimi, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-PEMT sekuyinto eshukumisa ezinye izinkampani ukuthi zethule amanye amamodeli entengo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhumusha, izinga lenkonzo ngo-2022 likhuphukile uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Ukwanda okukhulu kube ekuhunyushweni kwemihlangano endaweni, lapho amazinga esevisi e-OPI, VRI, kanye ne-RSI wonke ekhuphuka ngo-7% kuya ku-9%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu, izinkampani zokuhumusha zasekhaya eShayina azinalo inhlanhla kangako. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesimo sezomnotho, ukushaqeka kobuchwepheshe njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukulawulwa kwezindleko yiQembu A, kanye nokuncintisana kwamanani embonini, amanani okuhumusha ngomlomo nangokubhaliwe awakhuphuki kodwa ehlile, ikakhulukazi emananini okuhumusha.
6. Ubuchwepheshe
1) Ithuluzi le-TMS/CAT: I-MemoQ iyahola, njengoba ontanga baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-50% besebenzisa le nkundla, kulandele i-RWSTrados. I-Boostlingo iyipulatifomu yokuhumusha esetshenziswa kakhulu, cishe izinkampani ezingama-30% ezibika ukuthi ziyisebenzisela ukuhlela, ukuphatha, noma ukunikeza izinsizakalo zokuhumusha. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinkampani zokuhlola ulimi zisebenzisa i-Zoom ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola. Ekukhetheni amathuluzi okuhumusha ngomshini, i-Amazon AWS iyona ekhethwa kakhulu, kulandele i-Alibaba ne-DeepL, bese kuba yi-Google.
Isimo eShayina siyafana, ngezinketho ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi okuhumusha ngomshini, kanye nemikhiqizo evela ezinkampanini ezinkulu njengeBaidu neYoudao, kanye nezinjini zokuhumusha ngomshini ezihamba phambili emikhakheni ethile. Phakathi kontanga basekhaya, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okuvamile kokuhumusha ngomshini yizinkampani zendawo, izinkampani eziningi zisathembele ezindleleni zokuhumusha zendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinkampani zokuhumusha ezinamakhono obuchwepheshe aqinile noma ezigxile ensimini ethile nazo seziqalile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhumusha ngomshini. Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinjini zokuhumusha ngomshini ezithengwa noma eziqashiwe kubantu besithathu kodwa eziqeqeshwe kusetshenziswa inkampani yazo.
2) Imodeli Yolimi Olukhulu (i-LLM): Inekhono elihle kakhulu lokuhumusha ngomshini, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwayo. E-United States, izinkampani zesevisi yolimi zisadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zolimi emabhizinisini ngezinga elikhulu. Imithwalo yazo yemfanelo ihlanganisa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zolimi eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokwakha ibhuloho phakathi kwezinsizakalo ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obungazinikeza kanye nezinsizakalo zolimi izinkampani zamakhasimende ezidinga ukuzisebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa emisebenzini yangaphakathi akusabalele neze. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zontanga baseMelika azizange zisebenzise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze zinike amandla noma zenze ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yikuphi ukuhamba komsebenzi. Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa njengento eqhuba ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukudalwa kwesilulumagama esisizwa yi-AI. Izinkampani eziyi-10% kuphela ezisebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze zihlaziye umbhalo womthombo; Izinkampani ezicishe zibe yi-10% zisebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze zihlole ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhwalithi yokuhumusha; Izinkampani ezingaphansi kuka-5% zisebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuhlela noma ukusiza abahumushi emsebenzini wabo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lontanga baseMelika liyaqonda i-LLM, kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezinkampani zihlola amacala okuhlola.
Kulokhu, ekuqaleni, iningi lontanga basekhaya abakwazanga ukuhlanganisa ngokugcwele imikhiqizo emikhulu yemodeli yolimi evela phesheya kwezilwandle, njenge-ChatGPT, enkambisweni yephrojekthi ngenxa yemikhawulo eyahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, bangasebenzisa le mikhiqizo njengamathuluzi emibuzo nezimpendulo ahlakaniphile kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le mikhiqizo ayisetshenziswanga nje kuphela njengezinjini zokuhumusha ngomshini, kodwa futhi ihlanganiswe ngempumelelo kweminye imisebenzi efana nokupholisha nokuhlola ukuhumusha. Imisebenzi eyahlukene yala ma-LLM ingashukunyiswa ukuze inikeze izinsizakalo eziphelele zamaphrojekthi. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi, eqhutshwa yimikhiqizo yangaphandle, imikhiqizo ye-LLM ethuthukiswe ngaphakathi nayo ivele. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe empendulweni yamanje, kusenegebe elikhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo ye-LLM yasekhaya neyeyakwamanye amazwe, kodwa sikholelwa ukuthi kuzoba nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuncishiswe leli gebe.
3) I-MT, ukubhalwa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nemibhalo engezansi ye-AI yizinsizakalo ze-AI ezivame kakhulu. Isimo eShayina siyafana, ngentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuqashelwa kwenkulumo kanye nokubhalwa okuzenzakalelayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle. Yiqiniso, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalolu buchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo, amakhasimende ahlala efuna ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngaphakathi kwesabelomali esilinganiselwe, futhi abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe balwela ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezingcono.
4) Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, i-TMS ingahlanganiswa namapulatifomu ahlukahlukene njenge-CMS yamakhasimende (uhlelo lokuphatha okuqukethwe) kanye nomtapo wezincwadi wamafayela efu; Ngokuphathelene nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha, amathuluzi okuhumusha akude angahlanganiswa namapulatifomu okulethwa kwezempilo akude kwamakhasimende kanye namapulatifomu emihlangano eku-inthanethi. Izindleko zokusungula nokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa zingase zibe phezulu, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kungangenisa ngqo izixazululo zenkampani yesevisi yolimi ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe lwamakhasimende, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ontanga baseMelika abangaphezu kwengxenye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana, cishe izinkampani ezingama-60% zithola ivolumu yokuhumusha engaphelele ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo. Ngokuphathelene nesu lobuchwepheshe, izinkampani eziningi zamukela indlela yokuthenga, kanti izinkampani ezingama-35% zamukela indlela ehlanganisiwe "yokuthenga nokwakha".
EShayina, izinkampani ezinkulu zokuhumusha noma zokwenziwa kwendawo zivame ukwakha amapulatifomu ahlanganisiwe okusetshenziswa ngaphakathi, kanti ezinye zingase ziwathengise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe bezinkampani zangaphandle nabo baqalise imikhiqizo yabo ehlanganisiwe, behlanganisa i-CAT, i-MT, kanye ne-LLM. Ngokuhlela kabusha inqubo nokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokuhumusha kwabantu, sihlose ukudala umsebenzi ohlakaniphe kakhulu. Lokhu futhi kuveza izidingo ezintsha zesakhiwo samakhono kanye nesiqondiso sokuqeqesha amakhono olimi. Esikhathini esizayo, imboni yokuhumusha izobona izimo eziningi zokuxhumanisa abantu nomshini, okubonisa isidingo semboni sentuthuko ehlakaniphe kakhulu nephumelelayo. Abahumushi kudingeka bafunde ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhumusha kanye nekhwalithi.
I-TalkingChina Translation nayo izame ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa ipulatifomu ehlanganisiwe enkambisweni yayo yokukhiqiza kulokhu. Njengamanje, sisesesigabeni sokuhlola, okuletha inselele kubaphathi bamaphrojekthi nabahumushi maqondana nemikhuba yokusebenza. Kudingeka bachithe amandla amaningi bejwayela izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa nakho kudinga ukubhekisiswa nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlola okuhle kuyadingeka.
7. Uchungechunge Lokuphakelwa Kwezinsiza kanye Nabasebenzi
Cishe u-80% wontanga baseMelika babika ukuthi babhekene nokuntuleka kwamakhono. Abathengisi, abahumushi, kanye nabaphathi bamaphrojekthi baphakathi kwabaphathi abaphezulu ezikhundleni ezinesidingo esikhulu kodwa ezitholakala kalula. Amaholo asazinzile, kodwa izikhundla zokuthengisa zikhuphuke ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kuyilapho izikhundla zokuphatha zehle ngo-8%. Ukuqondiswa kwesevisi kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-big data, kubhekwa njengamakhono abaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Umphathi wephrojekthi yisikhundla esivame ukuqashwa, futhi izinkampani eziningi ziqasha umphathi wephrojekthi. Ngaphansi kuka-20% wezinkampani ziqasha onjiniyela bezobuchwepheshe/besofthiwe.
Isimo eShayina siyafana. Ngokuphathelene nabasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele, kunzima embonini yokuhumusha ukugcina amakhono okuthengisa amahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abaqonda ukukhiqiza, imakethe, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende. Ngisho noma sithatha isinyathelo emuva sithi ibhizinisi lenkampani yethu lithembele kuphela ekukhonzeni amakhasimende amadala, akusona isisombululo sesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze sinikeze isevisi enhle, sidinga futhi ukukwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana ngentengo efanelekile, Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezidingo eziphakeme zekhono lokuqondisa isevisi labasebenzi benkonzo yamakhasimende (abangaqonda ngokujulile izidingo zokuhumusha futhi bathuthukise futhi basebenzise izinhlelo zesevisi yolimi ezihambisanayo) kanye nekhono lokulawula iphrojekthi labasebenzi bokuphatha iphrojekthi (abangaqonda izinsiza nezinqubo, balawule izindleko kanye nekhwalithi, futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ngendlela eguquguqukayo, kufaka phakathi amathuluzi amasha obuhlakani bokwenziwa).
Ngokuphathelene nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kwebhizinisi lokuhumusha le-TalkingChina, kuzotholakala ukuthi kube nezidingo ezintsha ezengeziwe eShayina eminyakeni emibili edlule, njengesidingo sezinsiza zokuhumusha zasendaweni emazweni angaphandle ukuze amabhizinisi aseShayina ahambe emhlabeni wonke; Izinsiza ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene ezincane ezihambisana nokukhula kwenkampani kwamanye amazwe; Amathalente akhethekile emikhakheni eqondile (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwezokwelapha, imidlalo, amalungelo obunikazi, njll., izinsiza zokuhumusha ezihambisanayo zizimele, futhi ngaphandle kwesizinda nolwazi oluhambisanayo, empeleni azikwazi ukungena); Kukhona ukushoda okuphelele kwabahumushi, kodwa kudingeka babe nezimo ngokwengeziwe ngokwesikhathi sesevisi (njengokushaja ngehora noma ngisho nangaphansi, kunentengo yokuqala yesigamu sosuku). Ngakho-ke umnyango wezinsiza zokuhumusha wezinkampani zokuhumusha uya ngokuya uba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, usebenza njengethimba lokusekela eliseduze kakhulu lomnyango webhizinisi futhi udinga ithimba lokuthenga izinsiza elifanelana nomthamo webhizinisi lenkampani. Vele, ukuthengwa kwezinsiza akubandakanyi kuphela abahumushi abazimele, kodwa futhi namayunithi okubambisana kontanga, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.
8. Ukuthengisa Nokumaketha
I-Hubspot kanye ne-LinkedIn yizona zindlela eziyinhloko zokuthengisa nokumaketha zabalingani babo baseMelika. Ngo-2022, izinkampani zizokwabela isilinganiso esingu-7% semali engenayo yazo yonyaka ekumaketheni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu, awekho amathuluzi okuthengisa awusizo kakhulu eShayina, futhi i-LinkedIn ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile eShayina. Izindlela zokuthengisa kungaba ukubhida okungenangqondo noma abaphathi abenza ukuthengisa ngokwabo, futhi ambalwa amaqembu okuthengisa amakhulu akhiwe. Umjikelezo wokuguqulwa kwamakhasimende mude kakhulu, futhi ukuqonda nokuphathwa kwekhono "lokuthengisa" kusesesimeni esilula, okuyisizathu sokusebenza kancane kokuqasha iqembu lokuthengisa.
Ngokuphathelene nokumaketha, cishe wonke umuntu osebenza naye usebenzisa i-akhawunti yakhe yomphakathi ye-WeChat, kanti i-TalkingChinayi nayo ine-akhawunti yayo yevidiyo ye-WeChat. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Bilibili, i-Xiaohongshu, i-Zhihu, njll. nayo inokulungiswa okuthile, futhi lolu hlobo lokumaketha lugxile kakhulu kumkhiqizo; Amagama angukhiye e-SEM kanye ne-SEO ye-Baidu noma i-Google avame ukuguqulwa ngqo, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindleko zokuguqulwa kophenyo ziye zanda. Ngaphezu kokwanda kokubhida kwezinjini zokusesha, izindleko zabasebenzi bokumaketha abangochwepheshe ekukhangiseni nazo ziye zanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yemibuzo elethwa ukukhangisa ayilingani, futhi ayikwazi ukuqondiswa ngokweqembu eliqondiwe ngamakhasimende lebhizinisi, elingasebenzi kahle. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ontanga abaningi basekhaya baye bayeka ukukhangisa ngezinjini zokusesha futhi basebenzisa abasebenzi bokuthengisa kakhulu ukwenza ukuthengisa okuqondiwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemboni e-United States echitha u-7% wemali engenayo yonyaka ekukhangiseni, izinkampani zokuhumusha zasekhaya zitshala imali encane kule ndawo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokutshala imali encane ukungaqapheli ukubaluleka kwayo noma ukungazi ukuthi ingakwenza kanjani ngempumelelo. Akulula ukwenza ukumaketha kokuqukethwe kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ze-B2B, futhi inselele yokusebenzisa ukumaketha yilokho okuqukethwe okungadonsela amakhasimende.
9. Ezinye izici
1) Amazinga kanye nezitifiketi
Abangaphezu kwengxenye yontanga baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi isitifiketi se-ISO sisiza ukugcina ukuncintisana, kodwa asibalulekile. Indinganiso ye-ISO ethandwa kakhulu yisitifiketi se-ISO17100:2015, esiphasiswa yinkampani eyodwa kwezintathu.
Isimo eShayina ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi okubhida kanye nokuthengwa kwangaphakathi kwamanye amabhizinisi kudinga i-ISO9001, ngakho-ke njengesibonakaliso esiyimpoqo, izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha zisadinga isitifiketi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye, i-ISO17100 iyiphuzu lebhonasi, futhi amakhasimende amaningi angaphandle analesi sidingo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zokuhumusha zizokwahlulela ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukwenza lesi sitifiketi ngokusekelwe kumakhasimende azo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona nokubambisana okuhlelekile phakathi kwe-China Translation Association kanye ne-Fangyuan Logo Certification Group ukuze kuqalwe isitifiketi se-A-level (A-5A) sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha eShayina.
2) Izinkomba zokuhlola ukusebenza ezibalulekile
Ama-50% ontanga baseMelika basebenzisa imali engenayo njengesibonakaliso sebhizinisi, kanti ama-28% ezinkampani asebenzisa inzuzo njengesibonakaliso sebhizinisi. Izinkomba ezingezona ezezimali ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yimpendulo yamakhasimende, amakhasimende amadala, amazinga okuthengiselana, inani lama-oda/amaphrojekthi, kanye namakhasimende amasha. Impendulo yamakhasimende iyisibonakaliso sokuhlola esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isimo eShayina siyafana.
3) Imithethonqubo kanye nomthetho
Izindinganiso zesikali ezibuyekeziwe ezivela kwi-Small Business Association of America (SBA) zizoqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2022. Umkhawulo wezinkampani zokuhumusha nokuhumusha ukhushulwe usuka ku-$8 million wafinyelela ku-$22.5 million. Amabhizinisi amancane e-SBA ayafaneleka ukuthola amathuba okuthenga agciniwe kuhulumeni wobumbano, ahlanganyele ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, futhi abe nethuba lokuxhumana nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene. Isimo eShayina sihlukile. Kukhona umqondo wamabhizinisi amancane namakhulu eShayina, futhi ukwesekwa kubonakala kakhulu ezikhuthazweni zentela.
4) Ubumfihlo bedatha kanye nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi
Ontanga baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-80% basebenzise izinqubomgomo nezinqubo njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela izehlakalo ze-inthanethi. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kwengxenye zisebenzise izindlela zokuthola izenzakalo. Cishe ingxenye yezinkampani zenza ukuhlolwa kwengozi njalo futhi zisungula izindima nemithwalo yemfanelo ehlobene nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Lokhu kuqinile kakhulu kunezinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha zesiShayina.
Kafushane nje, embikweni we-ALC, sibone amagama amaningana abalulekile avela ezinkampanini zontanga zaseMelika:
1. Ukukhula
Ngo-2023, ebhekene nesimo sezomnotho esiyinkimbinkimbi, imboni yezinsizakalo zolimi e-United States isalokhu inamandla amakhulu, kanti izinkampani eziningi zithola ukukhula kanye nemali engenayo ezinzile. Kodwa-ke, isimo samanje sibeka izinselele ezinkulu enzuzweni yezinkampani. "Ukukhula" kusalokhu kugxile ezinkampanini zezinsizakalo zolimi ngo-2023, okubonakala ngokuqhubeka nokwandisa amaqembu okuthengisa nokwenza ngcono uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza kubahumushi nabahumushi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa embonini lihlala lizinzile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yethemba lokungena emikhakheni emisha eqondile kanye nezimakethe zesifunda.
2. Izindleko
Nakuba inani labasebenzi likhula njalo, imakethe yezabasebenzi nayo ilethe izinselele ezithile ezisobala; abameleli bokuthengisa abahle kakhulu kanye nabaphathi bamaphrojekthi baswele. Okwamanje, ingcindezi yokulawula izindleko yenza ukuqasha abahumushi abangochwepheshe abazimele ngamanani amahle kube nzima kakhulu.
3. Ubuchwepheshe
Igagasi loshintsho kwezobuchwepheshe lihlala lishintsha isimo semboni yezinsizakalo zolimi, futhi amabhizinisi abhekene nokukhetha okuningi kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqumo zamasu: indlela yokuhlanganisa ngempumelelo ikhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha lobuhlakani bokwenziwa nolwazi lochwepheshe lwabantu ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene? Indlela yokuhlanganisa amathuluzi amasha emsebenzini? Ezinye izinkampani ezincane zikhathazekile ngokuthi zingahambisana yini nezinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ozakwabo abaningi bokuhumusha e-United States banesimo sengqondo esihle ngobuchwepheshe obusha futhi bakholelwa ukuthi imboni inamandla okuzivumelanisa nesimo sezobuchwepheshe esisha.
4. Ukuqondiswa kwesevisi
"Ukuqondiswa kwenkonzo" okugxile kumakhasimende kuyisihloko esiphakanyiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ozakwabo baseMelika abahumushi. Ikhono lokulungisa izixazululo zolimi namasu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamakhasimende libhekwa njengekhono elibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi embonini yesevisi yolimi.
Amagama angukhiye angenhla ayasebenza naseShayina. Izinkampani "ezinokukhula" embikweni we-ALC azikho phakathi kuka-500000 no-1 million wamadola aseMelika Njengebhizinisi elincane elinemali engenayo, umbono we-TalkingChina Translation uwukuthi ibhizinisi lokuhumusha lasekhaya liye lathambekela ekugelezeni liye emabhizinisini amakhulu okuhumusha eminyakeni yamuva nje, okubonisa umphumela omkhulu kaMatthew. Kusukela kulo mbono, ukwandisa imali engenayo kuseyinto eza kuqala. Ngokuphathelene nezindleko, izinkampani zokuhumusha ngaphambilini zathenga amanani okukhiqiza ukuhumusha okwakungokuhumusha ngesandla, ukufundwa kokulungisa, noma i-PEMT. Kodwa-ke, kumodeli entsha yesidingo lapho i-PEMT isetshenziswa khona kakhulu ukukhipha ikhwalithi yokuhumusha ngesandla, indlela yokulungisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, Kuyaphuthuma futhi kubalulekile ukuthenga izindleko ezintsha zabahumushi abasebenzisanayo ukuze benze ukuhlolwa kokulungisa okujulile ngokusekelwe ku-MT futhi ekugcineni ikhwalithi yokuhumusha ngesandla (ehlukile ku-PEMT elula), ngenkathi behlinzeka ngeziqondiso zomsebenzi omusha ohambisanayo.
Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe, ontanga basekhaya nabo bayamukela ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe futhi benza izinguquko ezidingekayo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza. Ngokuphathelene nokuqondisa isevisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-TalkingChina Translate inobuhlobo obuqinile namakhasimende noma ithembele ekuzithuthukiseni okuqhubekayo, ukuphathwa komkhiqizo, ukulungiswa kwesevisi, kanye nokuqondisa isidingo samakhasimende. Isibonakaliso sokuhlola ikhwalithi "yimpendulo yamakhasimende", kunokukholelwa ukuthi "inqubo ephelele yokukhiqiza kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi isiqalisiwe". Noma nini lapho kuba nokudideka, ukuphuma, ukusondela kumakhasimende, nokulalela amazwi abo kuyinto eza kuqala ekuphathweni kwamakhasimende.
Nakuba u-2022 wawungunyaka onzima kakhulu kulolu bhubhane lwasekhaya, izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha zasekhaya zisathole ukukhula kwemali engenayo. U-2023 unyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokululama kwalolu bhubhane. Isimo sezombusazwe nezomnotho esiyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nomthelela ophindwe kabili wobuchwepheshe be-AI, kuletha izinselelo ezinkulu ekukhuleni nasekuzuzeni kwezinkampani zokuhumusha. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle? Ungawina kanjani emncintiswaneni wamanani oqhubeka nokuqina? Ungagxila kanjani kangcono kumakhasimende futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zawo ezihlala zishintsha, ikakhulukazi izidingo zesevisi yolimi lwamazwe ngamazwe zamabhizinisi endawo aseShayina eminyakeni yamuva, kuyilapho izinzuzo zawo zincishiswa? Izinkampani zokuhumusha zaseShayina zicabangela futhi ziqhuba lezi zinkinga ngenkuthalo. Ngaphandle komehluko ezimweni zezwe, sisengathola izinkomba eziwusizo ezivela kozakwethu baseMelika ku-2023ALC Industry Report.
Lesi sihloko sinikezwe nguNkz. Su Yang (uMphathi Jikelele weShanghai TalkingChina Translation Consulting Co., Ltd.)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-01-2024